A biodiversity hot spot is a relatively small area with an exceptional concentration of endemic species and a large number of endangered and threatened species. For example, nearly 30% of all bird species are confined to only about 2% of Earth's land area. And about 50,000 plant species, or about 17% of all known plant species inhabit just 18 hot spots that comprise a total of only 0.5% of the global land surface. Together, the hottest of the biodiversity hot spots total less than 1.5% of Earth's land but are home to a third of species and vertebrates.
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